420 with CNW — 2023 Marijuana Business Licenses Declined in US, Data Firm Says

The number of active cannabis company licenses in the United States saw a substantial dip in 2023, the first decline following years of steady increase, according to a recent CRB Monitor report. According to the data, there was a 4% drop in the number of active marijuana licenses in the U.S. between 2022 and 2023. On the other hand, Canada saw a 2% growth in the quantity of active marijuana business permits over the same period.

CRB Monitor is a company based in Nashville, Tennessee, specializing in marijuana intelligence and license monitoring.

Since 2019, the combined total of active licenses in both countries had been doubling annually, but signs of a slowdown emerged in 2022 when the growth rate decreased to 28%. The overall number of active licenses reached a high of 51,000 at the start of 2023, but by the end of the year, it had decreased to about 49,200, a 2% decline from the year before.

In the United States, the peak number of active licenses reached approximately 44,300 in 2022. Despite a robust influx of new licenses in 2023, nearly 1,900 licenses were lost or abandoned by the year’s end. However, there was a notable increase in approved licenses, indicating newly licensed marijuana businesses yet to commence operations. This category saw a significant surge of 23% in 2023, with the most growth occurring from January to September.

Despite this increase, the new licenses couldn’t offset the losses experienced in established markets, where operators faced financial challenges. The decline in active licenses was particularly evident in established markets such as California, where license numbers dropped by 19% in 2023. Other established markets experiencing a reduction in active licenses included Washington State, Colorado, Nevada and Illinois.

On the other hand, the largest increase in domestic marijuana business permits was observed in newly established and developing state markets in 2023, with several states issuing hundreds of new business licenses. New Mexico topped the country with more than 600 newly issued active permits. Michigan followed with 550 active permits, New York added about 360 and Vermont issued 239 new permits.

In Canada, there were 6,860 active marijuana licenses at the end of 2023, up 2% from the previous year despite a few store closures. Furthermore, recreational marijuana sales in Canada increased by 12% in 2023 to reach CA$5 billion ($3.8 billion). However, the number of pending licenses awaiting approval decreased by 13% in 2023 and by 45% since 2022.

The cannabis industry in both the United States and Canada faces major challenges, and the continuing success of licensed businesses such as Trulieve Cannabis Corp. (CSE: TRUL) (OTCQX: TCNNF) is testament to the overall resilience of the industry and the undeniable strong demand for the cannabis products.

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CNW420 spotlights the latest developments in the rapidly evolving cannabis industry through the release of an article each business day at 4:20 p.m. Eastern – a tribute to the time synonymous with cannabis culture. The concise, informative content serves as a gateway for investors interested in the legalized cannabis sector and provides updates on how regulatory developments may impact financial markets. If marijuana and the burgeoning industry surrounding it are on your radar, CNW420 is for you! Check back daily to stay up-to-date on the latest milestones in the fast -changing world of cannabis.

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420 with CNW — Navy Expands Cannabis Waiver as Recruitment Nosedives

The Navy is changing its policy for recruits who test positive for cannabis upon arriving at boot camp, choosing to grant waivers rather than dismiss them outright in light of the continuous difficulties the United States military faces in recruiting. Head of the Navy’s personnel policy and plans unit, Rear Admiral James Waters, explained that if a recruit tests positive for cannabis and admits to using it, an assessment is done to make sure there are no underlying problems.

The adaptation aims to align with social laws and provide an opportunity for young people to acclimate to the Navy’s culture during boot camp. This move is a reflection of larger military attempts to solve recruitment deficiencies and lower the boot-camp dropout rate, which is currently approximately 10%, marking one of the lowest in past years.

Waters stressed that with the Navy’s target of recruiting 40,000 sailors by the end of 2024, minimizing the loss of recruits during boot camp is crucial. However, he emphasized that the more permissive attitude is limited to THC testing and doesn’t extend to other substances.

The adjustment follows a similar move by the Air Force, which saw a significant increase in enlistment waivers granted to recruits testing positive for THC than initially anticipated. General Christopher Amrhein, the Air Force’s recruitment service commander, highlighted that the waiver policy helped mitigate the impact of missing the annual recruitment goal for the first time in more than two decades.

The unit reported that it had granted 165 waivers in the first year after they were made available. That is more than three times as many waivers as it had anticipated granting each year.

The Navy and the Air Force’s recent policies represent a departure from previous strict regulations related to marijuana use, particularly in the context of CBD and hemp products. Over the years, various military units have communicated specific rules to their members regarding marijuana use, emphasizing the prohibition of hemp, CBD and marijuana products, even in states where using those substances is legal.

The Navy, for instance, prohibited the use of CBD and hemp products in 2018, with subsequent updates explaining the rationale behind the rule change. Additionally, the Naval War College issued a notice in 2022 stating that marines and sailors could test positive for cannabis if they consumed Pepsi’s Rockstar drink, which contains hemp.

Meanwhile, an Air Force base in Massachusetts issued a warning in 2021 prohibiting military personnel from even bringing hemp-infused lip balms, shampoos and lotions onto the base.

Given the rate at which more people are taking to regulated products from licensed marijuana companies such as Trulieve Cannabis Corp. (CSE: TRUL) (OTCQX: TCNNF), the cannabis waivers offered by the different wings of the armed forces are a rightful response to the changing public perception of this substance.

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420 with CNW — Officials Say Marijuana Dispute Possibly Linked to Six Fatalities in California

Officials believe the recent California desert killings may have resulted from a dispute over cannabis. After responding to a wellness check request outside the El Mirage community, San Bernardino County Sheriff’s deputies recently discovered the bodies of six individuals at a remote dirt crossroad in the Mojave Desert.

Deputies found the victims in and near two vehicles at a remote intersection after one of the victims called the police and said that he had been shot but didn’t know his location. After tracking the victim’s phone’s location, deputies discovered five bodies in a Chevy Trailblazer and a Dodge Caravan as well as a sixth body some distance away.

Sheriff Shannon Dicus has now revealed that law enforcement officers arrested five suspects in San Bernardino County. According to Sgt. Michael Warrick, the incident “appears to be a dispute over marijuana,” although the scale and reason for the cannabis dispute is still unknown.

California voters legalized recreational cannabis in 2016 via Proposition 64, a ballot initiative that allowed adults 21 years of age and older to possess and consume up to an ounce of recreational cannabis, as well as grow up to six plants at home for personal consumption.

The measure was endorsed by many public figures, including Lt. Governor Gavin Newsom and former Los Angeles Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa; the legislation also was thought to cripple the illegal cannabis trade in California.

However, Sheriff Shannon Dicus says the San Bernardino County desert and other places have been under siege by illegal cannabis growers after the measure’s passage. The sheriff says his office executed 411 illegal grow-related search warrants in 2023 and seized 655,000 cannabis plants, 74,000 pounds of processed cannabis and approximately $370 million. Officers executed 11 of these search warrants in the area immediately adjacent to where the murders took place.

The El Mirage incident is the latest act of violence tied to the cannabis black market in remote areas of California where the cannabis black market is flourishing. Law enforcement is becoming increasingly concerned with the rising death toll and general violence involved in these incidents, especially as illegal cannabis spreads across inland desert communities in Southern California.

The California desert region is now home to multitudes of illegal cannabis farms and has seen a marked increase in violent crime, say residents and law enforcement. Sheriff Shannon Dicus observes that the cannabis black market has become a plague in the San Bernardino County region and notes that cartel activity is certainly involved.

This tragedy highlights the safety risks that the black market poses in the jurisdictions where cannabis is legal. Actors such as Trulieve Cannabis Corp. (CSE: TRUL) (OTCQX: TCNNF) are working to avail safe marijuana products to users in lieu of untested products from illicit sources.

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420 with CNW — Ukraine Could Rely on Marijuana Imports While Awaiting Local Production

Cannabis experts in Ukraine suggest that it might take several years before the domestic cultivation of cannabis is operational within the country. The Ukrainian Parliament, Verkhovna Rada, recently granted approval for a draft law, marking a crucial step toward establishing a legal framework for the medical cannabis industry.

The legislative action could open up import-export prospects for foreign and local companies looking to balance supply and demand, especially in the early phases of the Ukrainian market. However, despite Verkhovna Rada’s approval of the legislation, significant groundwork remains before medical marijuana can be legally sold in Ukraine. This is because the measure provides a broad outline of what constitutes acceptable business operations, but it is devoid of particular guidelines.

What’s certain is that medical marijuana distribution will take place through pharmacies and will be administered to patients with specific conditions who have prescriptions from physicians. This strategy is more in line with European regulatory models that prioritize pharmaceuticals than it is with North American regulatory frameworks that prioritize private enterprise and accessibility.

Ukraine has established a rigorous timeline for putting the law into effect. Six months after President Volodymyr Zelenskyy gives his approval — he is anticipated to approve the measure soon — it will go into force. Draft regulations should be created no later than three months after Zelenskyy’s approval, in accordance with the law.

Even though the law’s specifics are still unknown, Ukraine has made great strides toward developing a working medicinal cannabis market. Independent European medicinal marijuana adviser Hanna Hlushchenko highlights the necessity for the government to establish licensing standards. She is working in tandem with the Ukrainian Association of Medical Cannabis to help formulate the rules.

According to Hlushchenko, Ukraine will most likely enact regulations comparable to those in Europe, thus making cannabis a pharmaceutical sector. She also adds that facilities looking to grow and distribute medical cannabis must adhere to pharmaceutical supply chain laws and Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) guidelines. GMP is a rigorous quality-control accreditation commonly used in pharmaceutical production.

A European health authority’s GMP accreditation is usually necessary for export-oriented medical cannabis businesses. Merely meeting this requirement might cause future Ukrainian farmers to have to wait longer. Hlushchenko hopes that, if everything goes according to plan, authorized producers will start growing cannabis in Ukraine by late 2026 or early 2027. As for imports, she is optimistic that they might start by 2025, provided more work is done and President Zelenskyy gives his assent.

The possibility of Ukraine opening the door to medical cannabis imports presents North American companies such as Trulieve Cannabis Corp. (CSE: TRUL) (OTCQX: TCNNF) tantalizing opportunities that they could leverage in their bid to expand their global footprint.

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420 with CNW — 2023 Data Shows Enrollment in Florida’s Medical Cannabis Program Kept Growing

A recent annual report has shown that the number of persons registered for the medical cannabis program in Florida experienced a gradual increase throughout the fiscal year 2023. However, the pace of growth showed a slight deceleration compared to earlier periods, attributed to the system’s maturation and increased focus on potential recreational cannabis legalization.

According to the report, patient enrollment saw a 15% increase in the fiscal year 2022–2023 compared to 2021–2022. The concluded fiscal year witnessed a decrease in daily doses, primarily influenced by Florida’s emergency rule, which imposed limits on daily dosing. Additionally, the report highlighted a consistent pattern where few certified doctors accounted for a significant portion of medical marijuana certifications.

In FY 2022–2023, 859,026 individual patients were enrolled, an increase from 757,600 in the previous year. In fiscal 2020–2021, the patient count was 607,220, indicating a noticeable upward trend. However, monthly enrollment has gradually declined from year to year.

According to the report, new patient enrollment increased by 27% between January 2020 and January 2021 and then fell by 6% between January 2021 and January 2022. In 2023, month-to-month enrollments fell by 3%, with 20,977 new patients being enrolled in June 2023.

When it came to qualifying conditions, the report highlighted post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as the most prevalent condition, constituting 40.2% of reported cases. Other common conditions included extreme nonmalignant pain at 13.4%, multiple sclerosis at 8.8% and cancer at 3.6%. Moreover, 25% of patients met the eligibility requirements for conditions that were either similar to or of the same kind as those that were listed, with chronic pain, anxiety and various conditions related to the digestive system being prominent.

Physician certifications, crucial for patient participation in the program, exhibited a steady increase. Between the fiscal years 2022 and 2023, the overall yearly number of certifications climbed by 15%, from 1,142,172 to 1,315,123. This growth rate was marginally less than the 24% increase from 2021 to 2022.

Monthly certificates increased by 48% between January 2020 and January 2021 and by 24% between January 2021 and January 2022. In FY 2022–2023, certifications rose by 21%, but at a slower rate from January 2022 to January 2023. June 2023 had 117,313 certificates, a rise from January 2023’s 113,992 total.

The majority of certifications were granted by a small percentage of doctors, which was consistent with previous years’ findings. Only 1% of certificates were issued by the lower 40% of qualified physicians in FY 2022–2023, compared to 84% of certifications issued by 19% of qualified physicians over the same period.

The report delved into detailed lists of the top doctors recommending medical cannabis and low-THC products, revealing that some, who were anonymously identified by a special two-letter code, issued certifications for thousands of patients over the years.

This growing number of patients registering for medical cannabis access suggests that companies such as Trulieve Cannabis Corp. (CSE: TRUL) (OTCQX: TCNNF) have a steady demand for the medical marijuana products that they sell in dispensaries within the state.

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420 with CNW — Armed Services Personnel, Families, Veterans Support VA Doctors Recommending Cannabis

A survey from The Ohio State University (OSU) has found that a majority of active armed services personnel and retired veterans, as well as their families, believe Veteran Administration (VA) doctors should be allowed to recommend psychedelics and medical marijuana to patients who stand to benefit from these treatments.

OSU researchers surveyed active-duty military personnel, veterans, their families, and even nonmilitary respondents from late August to early September 2023 on their thoughts about making medical marijuana and psychedelics accessible as treatment options. The 1,168 participants surveyed for the poll included 315 active as well as retired members of the military, 426 individuals from military families, plus 427 people outside the military.

Researchers say that due to the huge caseload of health problems in the veteran society plus the necessity of a variety of treatment alternatives for retired military service members, some scientists are exploring if and how veterans should access alternative treatments such as cannabis and psychedelics.

Medical marijuana has been around for more than two decades and is now legal in dozens of states across the United States. Several studies have found that the controversial plant has numerous potential health benefits and can help alleviate the symptoms of conditions that typically affect veterans, including anxiety disorders and chronic pain. However, VA doctors aren’t technically allowed to recommend medical marijuana to their patients because they are limited to prescribing medications that are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for medical use.

Study authors also noted that studies on veteran issues rarely explore how veterans’ perspectives on specific drug issues in relation to the views held by individuals within their immediate plus broader communities.

The recent study drew its participants from the volunteer American Population Panel and asked those participants whether they were in agreement with a quartet of statements regarding cannabis and psychedelics. The last statement said that VA doctors should be able to recommend both marijuana and psychedelics if they believe their patients could benefit from them due to the “unique hardships and health conditions” veterans experience.

The majority of all the three groups surveyed said both drugs can be efficacious therapies. Even more stated that VA physicians should be permitted to recommend them to patients who may benefit. Additionally, all groups supported the idea that VA doctors shouldn’t need the FDA’s approval to recommend either psychedelics or cannabis.

The results of this survey underscores what the broader cannabis industry, including leading entities such as Trulieve Cannabis Corp. (CSE: TRUL) (OTCQX: TCNNF) have always believed, that marijuana could benefit in one way or the other nearly every section of the population that is struggling with health issues.

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420 with CNW — NORML Analysis Reveals 32,000 Studies on Cannabis Have Been Published in Past 10 Years

Over the past decade, researchers have contributed to the scientific discourse on cannabis through the publication of more than 32,000 papers, with 4,000 emerging in 2023 alone, according to NORML’s analysis. The comprehensive exploration challenges critics who state that marijuana lacks the necessary scrutiny to justify legalization.

NORML’s data relies on keyword searches within the National Library of Medicine—PubMed.gov. This year marks the third consecutive occasion where the volume of marijuana-related papers surpassed 4,000, underscoring a sustained interest in understanding both the benefits and risks amid the ongoing legalization.

Paul Armentano, NORML deputy director, highlighted the exponential growth in scientists’ curiosity surrounding marijuana, emphasizing the enhanced comprehension of the plant as well as its active components, mechanisms of action and impact on users and society. Armentano urged policymakers to shift their perspective away from the unknown and engage in evidence-based discussions about cannabis and reform policies based on existing knowledge.

The assertion that marijuana remains inadequately studied frequently emerges in legislative debates at both the federal and state levels. Even President Joe Biden, despite his campaign promises of modest marijuana reform, maintains his opposition to federal legalization, arguing that further study is essential.

Contrary to such claims, the scientific literature on marijuana is vast. Advocates, however, express frustration at a perceived bias in federal research priorities, historically favoring investigations into potential harms rather than benefits.

While 32,000 scientific papers in a decade is impressive, it is reasonable to assume the total would be even greater if not for cannabis’ Schedule I classification. This classification, criticized as a significant research barrier, may see change following legislative efforts to streamline the research process.

Cannabis research in 2023 encompasses a wide array of topics, including government-funded and private studies exploring therapeutic applications, usage trends, drug substitution, minor cannabinoids and the policy implications of legalization. Examples include studies indicating that state-level legalization does not increase underage use and the potential unintended consequences of continued criminalization, such as the promotion of unregulated delta-8 THC products.

A recent scientific paper highlighted significant improvements in the quality of life and reductions in fatigue among patients with chronic health conditions during the first three months of medical marijuana use. These studies represent a fraction of the comprehensive examination of cannabis in 2023, covering political, scientific, cultural and economic aspects.

Simultaneously, the FDA detailed its evaluation of mor than 800 investigational new drug applications involving marijuana, underscoring the profound changes in product form factors, cultural attitudes and the legal landscape surrounding marijuana.

This extensive amount of research on marijuana probably doesn’t surprise industry insiders such as Trulieve Cannabis Corp. (CSE: TRUL) (OTCQX: TCNNF) that often feel that detractors tout “limited research” as a convenient yet incorrect excuse for not ending prohibition.

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420 with CNW — Think Tank Says Legalizing Cannabis Federally Could Generate $8.5B in Taxes

A recent analysis from the Tax Foundation, a Washington, D.C.-based nonprofit think tank, suggests that the nationwide legalization of cannabis across all states could significantly boost annual cannabis tax revenue, projecting it to reach $8.5 billion. The foundation proposes a comprehensive federal and state taxation model for cannabis, aiming to keep costs low to discourage illicit sales while advocating for higher tax rates on more potent marijuana products.

The current state-by-state approach to marijuana taxation, according to the report, is chaotic. Therefore, there is a need for a reevaluation of the existing framework considering both public health and revenue implications.

According to the report, cannabis sales generated nearly $3 billion in tax revenue for legal states in the past year. The foundation anticipates that this figure could nearly triple if marijuana were legalized nationwide.

While drawing parallels to tobacco and alcohol taxation may seem logical in theory, the report argues that the lack of a standardized marijuana product makes this approach impractical. Unlike tobacco, marijuana lacks a universally recognized product form, and its intoxicating component, THC, poses challenges in measurement comparable to alcohol content.

The proposed alternative is a taxation system based on weight or potency, depending on practicality, instead of the current method of percentage-based taxation on sales price. A weight-based system, according to the foundation, is effective for capturing harm from smokable products. It also provides a simpler entry for new products into the market, avoiding excessively high barriers for product testing solely for tax purposes.

The Tax Foundation highlights three key lessons from state experiences with marijuana taxation. First, it advises keeping tax rates low enough for legal markets to compete with the illicit market, preventing impaired effectiveness due to excessively high tax rates. Second, it recognizes the significant revenue potential of legal marijuana markets but cautions that it may take years to materialize, with potential volatility under certain tax models. Third, the foundation stresses the importance of consistency across jurisdictions, particularly as interstate commerce becomes a possibility.

Currently, most state marijuana markets impose excise taxes on cannabis products, with rates ranging from 6% in Missouri to 37% in Washington state. Some states, including New York and Connecticut, have integrated potency-based tax policies, though this approach remains uncommon.

Although various federal proposals to impose additional taxes on cannabis have been introduced, short-term advancement is unlikely. Nevertheless, the United States Census Bureau is monitoring state-level marijuana tax trends, providing an interactive map detailing the proportion of state revenue from cannabis taxes.

Given the amounts of tax dollars that sector players such as Trulieve Cannabis Corp. (CSE: TRUL) (OTCQX: TCNNF) are already paying, a projection of $8.5 billion in taxes on a national scale is possible if the right regulatory measures are put in place to facilitate legal sales while curbing the black market.

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420 with CNW — Governors Ask President Biden to Reschedule Cannabis

A collective appeal has been made by six state governors to President Joe Biden, urging him to facilitate the rescheduling of cannabis by year’s end. The letter, jointly signed by the governors of New York, Colorado, New Jersey, Illinois, Maryland and Louisiana, stresses the economic and fiscal advantages that would accrue to marijuana businesses if rescheduling occurs.

Currently classified as a Schedule I substance under the CSA, cannabis is federally considered a hazardous substance. Reclassifying it to Schedule III designates it as a lower-risk substance and would provide increased protection to the existing state-level cannabis industry and its consumers, benefiting both public health and the economy.

Last year, President Biden initiated a review of cannabis’ schedule, tasking the attorney general and HHS secretary with the exploration of reclassifying the substance from Schedule I. In August, the HHS sent a letter to the DEA advocating for the cannabis reclassification to Schedule III. Despite this, notable progress in rescheduling cannabis has been lacking since then.

The governors, in their letter, lend their support to the call for cannabis rescheduling, underscoring that 38 states have legalized cannabis for either recreational or medical use. Furthermore, 88% of people in the country back legalization, according to a 2022 Pew Research survey.

The economic advantages serve as a compelling endorsement for cannabis rescheduling. The letter reveals that state programs have contributed $14.9 billion in tax revenue to fund law enforcement, education and other historically underfunded priorities. Economically, reclassifying cannabis would alleviate the restrictions imposed by Section 280E of the IRS, allowing cannabis businesses to claim ordinary deductions, just as other U.S. businesses do.

The governors elucidate in the letter that relieving cannabis businesses of the burdens of Section 280E would render the industry financially viable, simultaneously preserving jobs and ensuring the health and safety of consumers. The governors also express concern about consumer health risks stemming from the absence of a federal cannabis policy, citing worries about unregulated products. They advocate for cannabis rescheduling to fortify protection against the unlicensed market and argue that maintaining its Schedule I status and prohibition policies is futile given the significant consumer demand for marijuana.

The fate of cannabis rescheduling lies with the DEA, which holds final authority over drug scheduling. The DEA has historically rejected rescheduling, citing reasons such as a lack of reproducible and known chemistry, limited expert support, and insufficient efficacy and safety studies. Once made, the DEA’s decision will be subject to a proposed regulation and notice-and-comment period and may face legal challenges because no specified timeframe is currently in place.

Cannabis rescheduling would remove one of the many hurdles that U.S.-based marijuana companies such as Trulieve Cannabis Corp. (CSE: TRUL) (OTCQX: TCNNF) have to navigate in their bid to serve a growing client base.

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420 with CNW — Immigrants Still Face Legal Consequences for Marijuana Use Despite State-Level Legalization

In Minnesota, individuals aged 21 years and older are permitted to legally possess and use marijuana. However, despite being legal at the state level, marijuana remains prohibited under federal law. This legal nuance is particularly pertinent for immigrants who haven’t obtain U.S. citizenship, according to Julia Decker, the policy director at the Immigrant Law Center of Minnesota.

Decker emphasizes the federal control over cannabis, noting that engaging in any related activities or possessing marijuana could result in immigration consequences, potentially leading to deportation. This distinction holds regardless of one’s legal status, even if an individual possesses a green card or other lawful immigration documentation.

The complexity arises because, under Minnesota state law, an individual might possess a small quantity of cannabis for personal use without facing criminal charges. However, immigration applications often inquire about any uncharged or unconvicted criminal acts, complicating matters for applicants swearing under penalty of perjury or oath. Even in the absence of a criminal case, Decker warns of potential consequences.

Linus Chan, a clinical professor of law at the University of Minnesota Law School, points out the challenge attorneys face in navigating a system where the distinction between state and federal law isn’t always clear. He notes that people often overlook the difference between state and federal law when determining whether an act constitutes a crime. This lack of clarity extends to areas such as conviction expungements, where a state expungement may not carry weight at the federal level.

The federal immigration law, as Chan points out, provides no exceptions for medically prescribed cannabis or employment at a dispensary. Although a marijuana conviction doesn’t automatically hinder naturalization or trigger deportation, the risks are heightened for individuals lacking citizenship, according to both Chan and Decker.

Decker underscores the necessity of recognizing the arbitrary nature of legal distinctions, especially concerning marijuana laws. She suggests that, particularly in the context of citizens versus noncitizens, the disparities in legal standards can seem fundamentally unfair across various issues.

As cannabis legalization in Minnesota is still in its early stages, Decker recommends individuals navigating the immigration system seek advice from immigration lawyers. Meanwhile, legal experts closely monitor how these changes may impact the future citizenship prospects of Minnesota residents.

The shifting legal landscape prompts a proactive approach for immigrants, ensuring they comprehend the nuances and potential ramifications within the complex intersection of state, federal and immigration law.

These legal contradictions between federal and state law also create complexities for marijuana companies, such as Trulieve Cannabis Corp. (CSE: TRUL) (OTCQX: TCNNF), as they conduct their legitimate operations.

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